Rather we strongly deny that there was no judicial power...

Rather we strongly deny that there was no judicial power, in the full sense of the world, in the Umayyad time, except in some periods, and then the difference was prevailing.

The greatest proof for this is that the Caliph or his government did what they desired with out taking, at least, lawful formalities in order to respect the authorities.[^1]” The political despotism was the prominent aspect of the Umayyad government, for the Umayyads adopted a special method for their government, which destroyed the rules of social and political justice.

Arrogance Another prominent aspect of the Umayyad government was that the rulers showed arrogance and vainglory toward their subjects. They disdained the weak and made little of the poor. They thought that only they were the sources of power in the country, not the people, that they pushed down and raised up whomever they willed. Mu‘awiya said: “We are the time!

We push down and raise up whomever we will!” This means that the social and national services which the free and the reformers rendered for their own homeland were not important for raising their social position. Rather the only thing which could push down and raise up was government, as the Umayyads thought. Al-Walid b.

Yazid has described the arrogance and tyranny of the Umayyads through these lines of poetry: Leave your remembering the family of Sa‘di, for it is we who are more (than them) in number and property. It is we who have governed the people by force; we have imposed upon them abasement and punishment. We lead them to the places of humiliation in order to abase them, and we do not fall short of destroying them.

Al-Walid boasted of himself and his family, and showed arrogance toward the people as follows: Firstly, they were more than the people in properties which they took from the Muslims’ Public Treasury. Secondly, he talked about their corrupt policy through which they ruled the people as follows: A. They exposed the people to abasement and humiliation, depriving them of their dignity, freedom, and choosing their affairs. B.

They led the people to the places of abasement and humiliation, not to the places of honor and dignity. C. They governed the nations by force. Then which tyranny is greater than this tyranny? Which arrogance is greater than this arrogance? Abolishing Public Freedoms The Muslim communities were deprived of their public freedoms, especially as it concerns the freedom of opinion.