None was able to express his opinion or his belief...

None was able to express his opinion or his belief, especially as it concerns showing friendship toward the Imams of the members of the House (ahl al-Bayt), peace be on them. Hence the people preferred the accusation of unbelief to the accusation of showing friendship to them. Some Muslim thinkers were crucified in the public squares in Kufa because of their love for Imam ‘Ali, the Commander of the faithful, peace be on him. Examples of them were Maytham al-Tammar, and Rashid al-Hijri.

Denying Islam The Umayyads denied Islam. They removed all its regulations and principles from the Muslim countries. Hence there were no Islamic laws in their offices and organs. Nikelson said: “The Umayyads were dictatorial tyrants, for they violated the laws of Islam. They despised its ideals and set foot on them.[^2]” The Umayyads buried the Islamic regulations and principles. Most their kings displayed unbelief and disparaged the great Prophet, may Allah bless him and his family.

Among them was Yazid b. Mu‘awiya, who said: The Hashimites played with the kingdom, for no news came, nor did a revelation come down![^3] Spreading Oppression The Umayyads spread all over the Islamic countries oppression, tyranny, terrorism, and persecution. Hence, in the days of Ziyad b. Abih, the people said to each other: “Sa‘d, save yourself, for Sa‘id has perished!” This is part of the Umayyad policy, which did not conform to any international law.

The Policy of Division and Difference The Umayyads adopted a certain policy in order to divide the society, to create conflicts and quarrels. That was through finding tribal and racial fanaticism among the Islamic nations. For example, they created conflicts between the Yemenis and the Nazaris, who were the strongest Arab families in equipment and number. They also created conflicts between the Arabs and the non-Arabs.

Through this, the Umayyads turned away from Islam, which underlined the unity of the Muslims, and spreading love and friendship among them. With this brief presentation we will end our speech about the nature of the Umayyad government, which denied the interests and rights of the Islamic countries. The Local Revolts The Umayyad policy caused oppression and tyranny to the Muslim community, and shook its stability and prosperity. Hence the righteous led successive revolts against the Umayyads.

They demanded them to conform to the rights of the society, and summoned them to accomplish social justice among the people.