Ibadaat: Acts of worship.

Ibadaat: Acts of worship. Ijarah: Hire, rent, lease etc. Ihram: The special two-piece seamless attire worn by pilgrims. Also, the state of consecration during which the pilgrim should refrain from certain acts, such as not combing, not shaving, and observing sexual continence. Ihtiyat: Precaution: a level of legal judgement. Ihtiyat wujubi: Obligatory precaution that must be followed. Ijtihad: (lit.

exertion) - the process of arriving at judgements on points of religious law using reason and the principles of jurisprudence (usul al-fiqh). Inshallah: God willing. Iqamah: A shortened form of adhan, heralding the inauguration of prayer. Isha: Evening prayer. Istihadhah: Undue menses. Istihalah: Transformation. Istikharah: The process of asking Allah for proper guidance in certain matters you are unable to decide on, through, for example, consulting the verses of the Holy Qur’an. Jabirah: (lit.

splint): a generic name used for any form of dressing any part of the body as a result of injury or illness. Jamarat: Places of the three stone pillars representing the devil, at Mina. (See rami) Janabah: The state of being ceremonially unclean, especially after a sexual act that may or may not lead to ejaculation. Kaffarah: Atonement, or expiation: making repayment for some failure to act, harm done to others, etc. Khums: A type of religious levy, equivalent to one fifth of taxable income.

Kurr: A unit of volume, equivalent to 384 litres. Madhalim: Material or moral restitution or compensation to people you have wronged. Maghrib: Sunset prayer. Maghsoub: Usurped. Mahaarim: One’s immediate relatives - according to a certain classification detailed in Shari’a law. Makrouh: Abominable act. Manasikul Hajj: Pilgrimage rituals. Marji’: (lit.

reference point for emulation, or religious authority) - A jurist who, by virtue of whose knowledge and probity, is qualified to be followed in all points of religious practice and law by the generality of Shia Muslims. Meeta: Animal carcass. Mujtahid: A jurist who has studied sufficiently and achieved the level of competence necessary to interpret shari’a law (see Ijtihad). Mu’amalaat: Transactions. Mubah: Permissible.

Mukallaf: Comopos mentis (The person obligated to observe the precepts of religion). Musafir: Traveller. Mustahab: A voluntary, and meritorious, act of worship. (See wajib - obligatory). Najasah: A legal term for an impurity of any kind.