See Al­Muraja'at, the index pages 188­9.

See Al­Muraja'at, the index pages 188­9. base of the mundane and heavenly regulations and the center of every single movement. The rulers descried this point. Hence, no single ruler died before he had appointed his heir apparent. “This is an ultimate right for them.” some defended. Describing the caliph, bn­Khuldoun says: “He — the caliph — is their warden and custodian. He has to select, the coming caliph, on behalf of people in his life and, sequentially, after his death.

He also has the right of designating the one who should be in charge of their affairs in the same way he — the current caliph — himself is doing. They should trust him in this affair like they did in others…”[114] The caliph should be blamed if he neglected nominating the heir apparent. Let us take a look at Abdullah­bn­Omar­bn­Al­Khattaab's statement. While his father was dying, Abdullah stood before him and said: “O Amirul­Mu’minin! Nominate a successor for leading Mohammed's nation!

You should certainly reproach the supervisor of your camels or sheep if he left the animals without appointing a supervisor as his representative. You would blame him for missing his depository. How would you, Amirul­Mu’minin, then do it with Mohammed's nation?”[115] Let's take another look at A'isheh's following advice: A'isheh addressed at Abdullah, the son of Omar­bn­Al­Khattaab: “O son! After carrying my greetings to Omar, tell him that he should never leave Mohammed's nation without a guide.

He should nominate a successor, lest, they shall be dispersed. I anticipate that they shall be engaged in seditious matters.” Abdullah carried Ummul­Mu'minin's message to his father. [116] The entire caliphs of the history could realize the fact that leaving the nation without assigning an heir apparent had been an act opposing wisdom and opening the doors of sedition and leading to reproach as same as a shepherd's being reproached when he leaves his cattle without appointing a supervisor.

Even A'isheh, Ummul­Mu'minin, the woman, could recognize so! [114] bn­Khuldoun's Muqaddima chapter 30 page120. [115] Al­Mas'udi's Muroujut­Theheb part.2 apge 353. [116] bn­Quteibeh's Al­Imametu Wes­Siyaseh page23. In Title Three: The Authority, this matter has been indicatively debated. How did, then, all those individuals recognize this matter while the prophet of Islam did not? Alas! What misfortune occurred to Islam?!