(a) The reasons for the emergence of the various readings.

(a) The reasons for the emergence of the various readings. (b) The identification of reliable and more common readings, both from Sunni and Imami viewpoints. (c) The effect of the difference of readings on the understanding of the verses and the Lawgiver's intent and, as a result, on the deduction of ahkam. a. The Reason Behind Variant Readings: At the outset when the Qur'an was collected and compiled, the scribes and copyists wrote the text without using any diacritical points or marks.