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Shiavault - a Vault of Shia Islamic Books Al-muqaddimah Al-ajurrumiyyah [on the Science of Arabic Grammar] The Chapter on Identifying the ‘ALĀMĀT AL-I‘RĀB For Raf‘ there are four ‘Alāmāt (signs): the Ḍammah, the Wāw, the Alif and the Nun.

As for the Ḍammah it is an ‘Alāmah of Raf‘ in four places: in the Ism Mufrad (singular noun)[^22] the Jam‘ Taksīr (broken plural) the Jam‘ Mu’annath Sālim (sound feminine plural), and the Fi‘l Muḍāri‘ (present/future tense) that does not have anything attached to its ending[^23] . [E.g.

يَسْأَل ُ المدرس ُ والطلاب ُ والطالباتُ (The teacher, the male students and the female students ask)] As for the Wāw it is an ‘Alāmah of Raf‘ in two places: in the Jam‘ Muđakkar Sālim (sound masculine plural), and in the Asmā’ Khamsah[^24] (five nouns), and they are: أبو ك (Yourfather ) أخو ك (Youbrother ) حمو ك (Youfather-in-law ) فو ك (Yourmouth ) ذو مالٍ (Possessor of money/wealth) [E.g.

جاء المدرسُو نَ وأبُو ك (The teachers and your father came)] As for the Alif it is an ‘Alāmah of Raf‘ in the Tathniyat al-Asmā’ (dual noun) specifically. [E.g.

جاء المدرسا ن والدرستا ن (The two male teachers and the two female teachers came)] As for the Nūn it is an ‘Alāmah of Raf‘ in the Fi‘l Muḍāri‘ that has the following (Ḍamā’ir: personal pronouns) suffixed to it: the Ḍamīr Tathniya (personal pronoun of duality), or the Ḍamīr Jam‘ (personal pronoun of the masculine plural) or the Ḍamīr al-Mu’annathah al-Mukhāṭabah (personal pronoun of second person feminine singular). [E.g.

تجلسان يا طالبان ، تجلسون يا طلاّب، تجلسين يا طالبة (You two students are sitting, You students are sitting, You female student are sitting)] For Naṣb there are five ‘Alāmāt: the Fatḥah, the Alif the Kasrah, the Yā‘ and the Ḥađfu an-Nūn (dropping of the Nūn). As for the Fatḥah it is an ‘Alāmah of Naṣb in three places: in the Ism Mufrad (singular noun) the Jam‘ Taksīr (broken plural), and the Fi‘l Muḍāri‘ when it is preceded by a Nāṣib[^25] and does not have anything attached to its ending.

[E.g. لن أسألَ المدرسَ والطلاّبَ (I will not ask the teacher and the students)] As for the Alif it is an ‘Alāmah of Naṣb in the Asmā’ Khamsah like رأيتُ أبا ك وأخا ك (I saw your father and your brother) And what resembles that. As for the Kasrah it is an ‘Alāmah of Naṣb in the Jam‘ Mu’annath Sālim. [E.g. سألتُ المدرساتِ (I asked the female teachers)] As for the Yā’ it is an ‘Alāmah of Naṣb in: the Tathniyah the Jam‘ (Muđakkar Sālim). [E.g.

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