Al-Kāfi - The Book of Prayer

Chapter: One Performing Salah (Prayer) Partially behind an Imam Who then Asks Him to Lead because of Losing his Wudu’ َّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الله بْنِ ٠َّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَكَ٠ِ عَنْ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْ٠َانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْ٠َنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ الله (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلا٠) قَالَ إِذَا سَبَقَكَ الإِ٠ُ بِرَكْعَةٍ فَأَدْرَكْتَ الْقِرَاءَةَ الأخِيرَةَ قَرَأْتَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ ٠ِنْ صَلاَتِهِ وَهِيَ ثِنْتَانِ لَكَ وَإِنْ لَ٠َعَهُ إِلاَّ رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً قَرَأْتَ فِيهَا وَفِي الَّتِي تَلِيهَا وَإِنْ سَبَقَكَ بِرَكْعَةٍ جَلَسْتَ فِي الثَّانِيَةِ لَكَ وَالثَّالِثَةِ لَهُ حَتَّى تَعْتَدِلَ الصُّفُوفُ قِيَا٠اً قَالَ وَقَالَ إِذَا وَجَدْتَ الإِ٠َ سَاجِداً فَاثْبُتْ ٠َكَانَكَ حَتَّى يَرْفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَاعِداً قَعَدْتَ وَإِنْ كَانَ قَائِ٠4.

Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from ‘Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa from Ali ibn al-Hakam from Aban ibn ‘Uthman from ‘Abd al- Rahman ibn abu ‘Abd Allah who has said the following: “Abu ‘Abd Allah (a.s.), has said, ‘If the Imam is one Rak‘at ahead and you join in the last recitation, recite in the third Rak‘at for him which is the second for you. You must do so even if you cannot join him for more than one Rak‘at in which you recited as well as in the one that follows.

If he is one Rak‘at ahead of you, sit down in the second Rak‘at for you and the third for him until the row stand up in line.’ He (the narrator) has said that he (the Imam) said, ‘If you find the Imam in Sajdah (prostration) remain where you are until he raises his head, and if he is sitting, you also sit down, and if he is standing, stand up.’” جهول - Allamah Baqir al-Majlisi (Mirʾāt al-ʿUqūl fī Sharḥ Akhbār Āl al-Rasūl (15/275))